citizens, and injured more than 250 people. In March 2016, ISIS directed two simultaneous attacks in Brussels that killed 32 people, including four U.S. In November 2015, ISIS carried out a series of coordinated attacks in Paris that killed nearly 130 people, including an American, and wounded more than 350 others. Efforts against the group in Iraq, Syria, and other countries continue. In 2019, the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS - consisting of several partner nations and international institutions - liberated all territory controlled by ISIS in Syria and Iraq. ISIS exploited the conflict in Syria and sectarian tensions in Iraq, which allowed it to gain control of territory in both countries. ISIS was led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who declared the establishment of an Islamic caliphate in June 2014. The group adopted the moniker ISIS to express its regional ambitions as it expanded operations to include the Syrian conflict. The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) emerged from the remnants of al-Qa’ida in Iraq (AQI).
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